Umhlahlandlela Wokuhlolwa Kwekhwalithi Yamathoyizi Athambile

Ukuhlolwa kwekhwalithi yamathoyizi athambile kuyisinyathelo esibalulekile enqubweni yokukhiqiza, njengoba kuqinisekisa ukuthi umkhiqizo wokugcina uhlangabezana nezokuphepha, izinto zokwakha, kanye namazinga okusebenza.Ukuhlolwa kwekhwalithi kubalulekile embonini yamathoyizi athambile, njengoba amathoyizi athambile evame ukuthengelwa izingane futhi kufanele ahlangabezane nemithetho eqinile yezokuphepha.

Izinhlobo zamathoyizi athambile:

Kunezinhlobo eziningi zamathoyizi athambile emakethe, okuhlanganisa amathoyizi kanokusho, izilwane ezigxishiwe, onodoli, nokunye.Amathoyizi e-Plush amathoyizi athambile, athandeka ngokuvamile enziwa ngendwangu futhi afakwe ngokugcwaliswa okuthambile.Izilwane ezigcwele zifana namathoyizi kanokusho kodwa ngokuvamile zenziwe zifane nezilwane zangempela.Opopayi bangamathoyizi athambile ongakwazi ukuwasebenzisa ngezandla zakho ukuze udale inkohliso yokunyakaza.Ezinye izinhlobo zamathoyizi athambile zihlanganisa abantwana be-beanie, imicamelo, nokunye.

Amazinga Wokuhlola Ikhwalithi:

Kunamazinga amaningana amathoyizi athambile okufanele ahlangabezane nawo ukuze abhekwe njengephephile futhi esezingeni eliphezulu.Amazinga okuphepha amathoyizi athambile afaka i-ASTM (Inhlangano YaseMelika Yokuhlola Nezinto Zokusebenza) kanye ne-EN71 (izinga laseYurophu lokuphepha kwamathoyizi).Lawa mazinga ahlanganisa izidingo zokuphepha ezehlukene, okuhlanganisa izinto ezisetshenziswayo, ukwakhiwa, nezidingo zokulebula.

Izinto zokwakha kanye namazinga okwakha aqinisekisa ukuthi amathoyizi athambile enziwa ngezinto ezisezingeni eliphezulu futhi akhiwe ngendlela eqinisekisa ukuqina nokuphepha.Izindinganiso zokubukeka nokusebenza ziqinisekisa ukuthi umkhiqizo wokugcina ubukeka ukhanga futhi usebenza njengoba kuhlosiwe.

Liyini Izinga Lokuphepha Lethoyizi le-ASTM F963?

I-ASTM F963 iyindinganiso yokuphepha kwamathoyizi eyathuthukiswa yi-American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM).Kuyisethi yezinkombandlela nezimfuneko zokusebenza zamathoyizi ahloselwe ukusetshenziswa izingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-14 ubudala.Izinga lihlanganisa izinhlobo eziningi zamathoyizi, okuhlanganisa onodoli, izibalo zesenzo, amasethi okudlala, amathoyizi okugibela, nezinye izinto zezemidlalo zentsha.

Izinga libhekana nezindaba ezihlukene zokuphepha, okuhlanganisa izingozi zomzimba nemishini, ukuvutha, nobungozi bamakhemikhali.Kuhlanganisa nezimfuneko zamalebula ezixwayiso nemiyalelo yokusetshenziswa.Inhloso yaleli zinga ukusiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amathoyizi aphephile ukuze izingane zidlale ngawo kanye nokunciphisa ingozi yokulimala noma yokufa ngenxa yezigameko ezihlobene namathoyizi.

I-American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) F963, ngokuvamile eyaziwa ngokuthi “I-Standard Consumer Safety Specification for Toy Safety,” izinga lokuphepha lamathoyizi elathuthukiswa yi-American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) elisebenza kuzo zonke izinhlobo zamathoyizi. ukungena e-United States.Lo mhlahlandlela wendikimba ojwayelekile wamazwe ngamazwe ubeka ukuthi amathoyizi nezinto zezingane kufanele zihambisane nemibandela ethile yamakhemikhali, emishini, kanye neyokuvutha echazwe ngezansi.

I-ASTM F963 Mechanical Testing

I-ASTM F963 ihlanganisaukuhlolwa komshiniizidingo zokuqinisekisa ukuthi amathoyizi aphephile ukuthi izingane zidlale ngawo.Lokhu kuhlola kuklanyelwe ukuhlola amandla nokuqina kwamathoyizi futhi kuqinisekiswe ukuthi awanawo amaphethelo abukhali, amaphuzu, nezinye izingozi ezingase zidale ukulimala.Okunye ukuhlolwa kwemishini okufakwe ezingeni yilezi:

1. Ukuhlola okucijile kanye nephoyinti: Lokhu kuhlola kusetshenziselwa ukuhlola ukucija kwamaphethelo namaphoyinti kumathoyizi.Ithoyizi libekwe endaweni eyisicaba, futhi amandla asetshenziswa onqenqemeni noma iphuzu.Uma ithoyizi lehluleka ukuhlolwa, kufanele lihlelwe kabusha noma liguqulwe ukuze kuqedwe ingozi.
2. Ukuhlolwa kwamandla e-tensile: Lokhu kuhlola kusetshenziselwa ukuhlola amandla ezinto ezisetshenziswa kumathoyizi.Isampula lempahla lingaphansi kwamandla aqinile kuze kube liyaphuka.Amandla adingekayo ukuze kuphulwe isampula asetshenziselwa ukunquma amandla aqinile wento.
3. Ukuhlolwa kwamandla okuthinta: Lokhu kuhlolwa kusetshenziselwa ukuhlola ikhono lethoyizi lokumelana nomthelela.Isisindo sehliswa ethoyizini sisuka ekuphakameni okuthile, futhi inani lomonakalo owenziwa ithoyizi liyahlolwa.
4. Ukuhlolwa kokuminyanisa: Lokhu kuhlola kusetshenziselwa ukuhlola ikhono lethoyizi lokumelana nokucindezelwa.Umthwalo usetshenziswa ethoyizini ngendlela eyi-perpendicular, futhi inani lokuguquguquka elisekelwa ithoyizi liyahlolwa.

Ukuhlolwa kokuvutha kwe-ASTM F963

I-ASTM F963 ihlanganisa izidingo zokuhlola ukuvutha ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi amathoyizi awethuli ingozi yomlilo.Lezi zivivinyo zenzelwe ukuhlola ukuvutha kwezinto ezisetshenziswa kumathoyizi kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuthi amathoyizi awafaki isandla ekubhebhethekeni komlilo.Okunye ukuhlolwa kokuvutha okufakwe ezingeni yilezi:

1. Ukuhlolwa kokuvutha kobuso: Lokhu kuhlola kusetshenziselwa ukuhlola ukuvutha kobuso bethoyizi.Kusetshenziswa ilangabi endaweni yethoyizi isikhathi esithile, futhi ukubhebhetheka kwelangabi nokuqina kuyahlolwa.
2. Ukuhlola ukuvutha kwezingxenye ezincane: Lokhu kuhlola kusetshenziselwa ukuhlola ukuvutha kwezingxenye ezincane ezingase zikhishwe ethoyizini.Ilangabi lisetshenziswa engxenyeni encane, futhi ukusabalala komlilo nokuqina kuyahlolwa.
3. Ukuhlola okushisa kancane: Lokhu kuhlola kusetshenziselwa ukuhlola ikhono lethoyizi lokumelana nokushiswa lapho lishiywe lingagadiwe.Ithoyizi lifakwa esithandweni futhi livezwe ezingeni lokushisa elithile isikhathi esithile—izinga elishiswa ngalo ithoyizi liyahlolwa.

Ukuhlolwa Kwekhemikhali kwe-ASTM F963

I-ASTM F963 ihlanganisaukuhlolwa kwamakhemikhaliizimfuneko zokuqinisekisa ukuthi amathoyizi awaqukethe izinto eziyingozi ezingase zimunywe noma zihogele izingane.Lezi zivivinyo zenzelwe ukuhlola ubukhona bamakhemikhali athile kumathoyizi futhi kuqinisekiswe ukuthi aweqi imikhawulo ebekiwe.Okunye ukuhlolwa kwamakhemikhali okufakwe ezingeni yilezi:

1. Ukuhlolwa kokuqukethwe okuholayo: Lokhu kuhlola kusetshenziselwa ukuhlola ukuba khona komthofu ezintweni zokudlala.Umthofu uyinsimbi enobuthi engalimaza izingane uma iwugwinyile noma ihogelwe.Inani lomthofu okhona ethoyizini likalwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi aweqi umkhawulo ovunyelwe.
2. Ukuhlolwa kokuqukethwe kwe-phthalate: Lokhu kuhlola kusetshenziselwa ukuhlola ubukhona be-phthalates ezintweni zokudlala.Ama-Phthalates angamakhemikhali asetshenziselwa ukwenza amapulasitiki abe lula, kodwa angalimaza izingane uma ewugwinyile noma ehogelwe.Inani lama-phthalates ethoyizini likalwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi alidluli umkhawulo ovumelekile.
3. Ukuhlolwa okuphelele kwe-organic compound (TVOC): Lokhu kuhlolwa kusetshenziselwa ukuhlola ubukhona benhlanganisela ye-organic organic (VOCs) ezintweni zokudlala.Ama-VOC ngamakhemikhali ahwamuka emoyeni futhi angahogela.Inani lama-VOC ethoyizini likalwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi aweqi umkhawulo ovunyelwe.

Izidingo zokulebula ze-ASTM F963

I-ASTM F963 ifaka phakathi izimfuneko zamalebula ezixwayiso nemiyalelo yokusetshenziswa ukusiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amathoyizi asetshenziswa ngokuphephile.Lezi zidingo zenzelwe ukunikeza abathengi ulwazi olubalulekile mayelana nezingozi ezingaba khona ezihlobene nethoyizi kanye nendlela yokusebenzisa ithoyizi ngokuphepha.Ezinye zezidingo zokulebula ezifakwe ezingeni yilezi:

1. Amalebula ezixwayiso: Amalebula ezixwayiso ayadingeka kumathoyizi angaba yingozi ezinganeni.Lawa malebula kufanele abonakale ngokusobala futhi asho ngokucacile imvelo yengozi kanye nendlela yokuyigwema.
2. Imiyalo yokusetshenziswa: Imiyalelo yokusetshenziswa iyadingeka kumathoyizi anezingxenye ezingahlanganiswa noma zihlakazwe noma ezinemisebenzi noma izici eziningi.Le miyalo kufanele ibhalwe ngokucacile futhi kafushane futhi ifake noma yiziphi izinyathelo zokuphepha noma izexwayiso ezidingekayo.
3. Ukulinganisa iminyaka yobudala: Amathoyizi kufanele alebulwe ngokwebanga lobudala ukuze asize abathengi bakhethele izingane zabo amathoyizi afanele ubudala.Ibanga lobudala kufanele lisekelwe emakhonweni okukhula ezingane futhi liboniswe ngokugqamile ethoyizini noma ephaketheni layo.
4. Izwe Imvelaphi: Izwe okuvela kuzo izimpahla kufanele kushiwo ngaphakathi kwalokhu kumakwa.Lokhu kufanele kukhonjiswe emaphaketheni omkhiqizo.

Ezinye Zezinqubo Ezihilelekile Ekuhlolweni Kwamathoyizi Athambile:

1. Ukuhlola Ngaphambi Kokukhiqiza:

Ukuhlolwa kwangaphambi kokukhiqizakuyisinyathelo esibalulekile enqubweni yokuhlolwa kwekhwalithi, njengoba kusiza ukuhlonza izinkinga ezingaba khona ngaphambi kokuba inqubo yokukhiqiza iqale.Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwangaphambi kokukhiqiza, ochwepheshe bokulawula ikhwalithi babuyekeza amadokhumenti okukhiqiza njengemidwebo yedizayini kanye nokucaciswa kwezinto ezibonakalayo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ahlangabezana namazinga adingekayo kanye nezidingo.Baphinde bahlole izinto zokusetshenziswa kanye nezingxenye ukuze baqinisekise ukuthi zisezingeni elanele ukuze zisetshenziswe emkhiqizweni wokugcina.Ukwengeza, bayaqinisekisa ukuthi izinto zokusebenza nezinqubo zisebenza kahle futhi ziyakwazi ukukhiqiza imikhiqizo esezingeni eliphezulu.

2. Ukuhlolwa Kwelayini:

Ukuhlolwa kwe-in-line kuqapha inqubo yokukhiqiza ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi imikhiqizo eqediwe ihlangabezana namazinga adingekayo kanye nokucaciswa.Ochwepheshe bokulawula ikhwalithi benza ukuhlola okungahleliwe kwemikhiqizo eqediwe ukuze bakhombe futhi balungise izinkinga njengoba ziphakama.Lokhu kusiza ukubamba iziphambeko ekuqaleni kwenqubo yokukhiqiza futhi kuvimbele ukuthi zingadluleli esigabeni sokugcina sokuhlolwa.

3. Ukuhlola Okokugcina:

Ukuhlola kokugcina kuwukuhlola okuphelele kwemikhiqizo eqediwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ihlangabezana nakho konke ukuphepha, izinto zokwakha, kanye namazinga okusebenza.Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuhlola ukuphepha nokusebenza kanye nokuhlola okupakishwayo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi kungokwekhwalithi eyanele futhi kunikeza ukuvikeleka okwanele kwethoyizi elithambile.

4. Izenzo Zokulungisa:

Uma izinkinga zikhonjwa phakathi nenqubo yokuhlolwa kwekhwalithi, kubalulekile ukwenza izenzo zokuzilungisa nokuzinqanda ukuthi zingaphinde zenzeke.Lokhu kungase kuhlanganise ukuhlonza umsuka wenkinga nokusebenzisa izinyathelo zokuvimbela ukuze kuncishiswe amathuba okuba kube nenkinga esikhathini esizayo.

5. Ukugcinwa kwamarekhodi kanye nokubhalwa phansi:

Ukugcinwa kwamarekhodi okunembile kanye nemibhalo kuyizici ezibalulekile zenqubo yokuhlolwa kwekhwalithi.Ochwepheshe bokulawula ikhwalithi kufanele bagcine amarekhodi afana nemibiko yokuhlola, nemibiko yesenzo sokulungisa ukulandelela ukuqhubeka kwe-ukuhlolwa kwekhwalithicubungula futhi uhlonze izitayela noma izindawo okufanele zithuthukiswe.

Ukuhlolwa kwekhwalithi kuyisinyathelo esibalulekile enqubweni yokukhiqiza amathoyizi athambile, njengoba kuqinisekisa ukuthi umkhiqizo wokugcina uhlangabezana nezokuphepha, izinto zokwakha, kanye namazinga okusebenza.Ngokusebenzisa inqubo yokuhlola ikhwalithi ephelele, abakhiqizi bangakhiqiza amathoyizi athambile ekhwalithi ephezulu ahlangabezana nezidingo nokulindelwe ngamakhasimende abo.